Turkana County

Capital: Lodwar · County #23 of 47

Introduction

Turkana County had a total population of 1,074,000 people in 2025. According to the Kenya Population and Housing Census, Turkana had a population of 926,976 people in 2019, comprising 164,519 households. The average household size in Turkana County was 5.6 persons per household.

Turkana is the second largest county in Kenya at 68,232.9 square kilometers, after Marsabit County at 70,944.1 square kilometers. The population density of Turkana County in 2019 was 14 people per square kilometer.

Turkana County is bordered to the North by Ethiopia, to the East by Marsabit, to the South East by Samburu, to the South by Baringo, to the South West by West Pokot, to the East by Uganda, and the North West by South Sudan.

Turkana County has seven sub-counties: Kibish, Loima, Turkana Central, Turkana East, Turkana North, Turkana South, and Turkana West.

Turkana County Economy

Turkana County had an average Gross County Product at current prices of Ksh 156.2 billion in 2023, representing an average county contribution to Gross Value Added of 1.1%.

The county's average contribution to agriculture, forestry, and fishing activities was 1.6%, while its average contribution to manufacturing activities was 0.3%. Turkana County contributed, on average, 1% to service activities.

Turkana County had a GCP per capita of Ksh 152,701 in 2023.

This chart shows the Gross County Product of Turkana County highlighted in red alongside West Pokot and Samburu highlighted in light blue.

Turkana County Poverty Rates

The overall headcount poverty rate in Turkana County was 82.7%, with 818,000 people estimated to live in poverty in 2022. Kenya’s overall poverty rate in 2022 was 39.8%.

Turkana had a hardcore poverty rate of 42.6%, with a total of 421,000 people estimated to live in extreme poverty in 2022. Kenya’s hardcore poverty rate in the same year was 7.1%.

Turkana had a food poverty rate of 64.3%, with a total of 636,000 people estimated to live in food poverty. The national food poverty rate in 2022 was 31.7%.

In 2019, the distribution of poverty by Constituency in Turkana County was: Loima 99.9%, Turkana Central 89.6%, Turkana East 99.9%, Turkana North 99.9%, Turkana South 97.9%, and Turkana West 82.1%.

The mean monthly food and non-food expenditure in Turkana County was Ksh 2,732 and Ksh 1,471, respectively. The share of expenditure on food in the county was 78.4% in 2022, while the share of non-food expenditure was 21.6%.

The major sources of household food consumption in Turkana were purchase or stock 83.2%, Gifts 15.1%, and own production 1.7%.

The mean and median per adult equivalent expenditure in Turkana County were Ksh 3,483 and Ksh 2,629, respectively, in 2021.

Turkana County Demographics

Turkana County's total population was 926,976 in 2019, consisting of 478,087 males, 448,868 females, and 21 intersex. Turkana had a median age of 15 years in 2019.

The table below shows the population distribution by subcounty and sex in 2019.

The population of Turkana County by gender and sub-county
Sub county	Male	Female	Inter sex	Total
Kibish	18,651	18,117	1	36,769
Loima	54,341	53,453	1	107,795
Turkana Central	93,145	92,160	0	185,305
Turkana East	76,871	61,643	12	138,526
Turkana North	32,810	32,408	0	65,218
Turkana South	78,402	75,329	5	153,736
Turkana West	123,867	115,758	2	239,627
Total	478,087	448,868	21	926,976

Marital Status

The percent distribution of women aged 12 and above in Turkana County who were never married in 2019 was 41.3%, while those who were married monogamous was 43.8%. On the other hand, the percentage of women in polygamous unions in Turkana was 5.8%, while those who were widowed were 5.6%. Those divorced and separated in the county were 1% and 1.7%.

In Turkana, the % of men aged 12 and above who were never married in 2019 was 59.1%, while those married in monogamous unions were 33%. The percentage of men in polygamous marriages in Turkana was 4.9%, while those who were widowed were 0.6%. The distribution of the divorced and separated in Turkana was 0.6% and 0.8%, respectively.

According to the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022, the median age at first marriage among women aged 25-49 in Turkana was 20.4 years. The median age at first marriage among men aged 25-54 was 25 years. Among men aged 30-54, the median age at first marriage in Turkana was 25.4 years.

Polygyny in Turkana County

The percentage of married women aged 15-49 in Turkana County who had one or more co-wives in 2022 was 47.6%. Those without any co-wives in the county were 51%. The percentage of women with one co-wife in Turkana was 34.4%, while those with more than two co-wives were 13.2%.

Among men aged 15-49 in Turkana County, the percentage with one wife was 82.1%, while the percentage with more than two wives was 17.9% in 2022.

Marriage Registration

The percentage of married women aged 15-49 in Turkana County whose current marriage is registered with the civil authority in 2022 was 18.2%, while the percentage of women whose marriage is registered with the civil authority and who had a marriage certificate was 18.2%.

Teenage Marriages

The proportion of married males aged 12-15 in Turkana County in 2019 was 4.3%, while the proportion of married females of the same age group was 4.8%. Among females aged 12-18, the proportion that was married in 2019 was 8%.

The rate of teenage pregnancies in Turkana County, consisting of women aged 15-19 who have ever been pregnant, was 18.5% in 2022.

Total Fertility Rate

Turkana County had a Total Fertility Rate of 6.4 births per woman in 2019. Kenya's total fertility rate in the same year was 3.4 births per woman.

This bar-graph shows the Total Fertility Rate of Turkana County as 6.4. It is plotted alongside West Pokot and Samburu

The county also had a youth fertility rate of 0.9 births per woman in 2019 compared to a national youth fertility rate of one birth per woman.

Turkana had a Crude Birth Rate of 45.7 births per 1,000 population in 2019, a decline of 10.7% from 51.2 births per 1,000 population in 2009. Overall, Kenya’s Crude Birth Rate in 2019 was 27.9 births per 1,000 population in 2019, a decline of 27.2% from 38.4 births per 1,000 population in 2009.

Place of Birth and Notification Status

The percentage of recent births in Turkana County that occurred in a health facility in 2019 was 54.5%, while those that occurred in non-health facilities were 44.3%. The share of recent births in Kenya occurring in a health facility was 85.8%. In comparison, those that occurred in non-health facilities were 14%.

The completeness of birth registration in Turkana County was 35.8% in 2023.

Place of Death and Notification Status

In 2019, 39.8% of deaths in Turkana County occurred in a health facility, while 55.4% occurred in the community. In Kenya, 59% of deaths in 2019 occurred in a health facility, while 40% did not occur in a health facility.

The completeness of death registration in Turkana County was 27.2% in 2023.

Turkana County had a Crude Death Rate (CDR) of 6.2 deaths per 1,000 population in 2019. Overall, Kenya had a Crude Death Rate of 10.5%.

Religious Affiliation

The majority of residents of Turkana County are Catholic 406,439, followed by Protestant 265,802, and members of Evangelical Churches 87,298.

Number of people in Turkana County by religious affiliation - 2019
Catholic	406,439
Protestant	265,802
Evangelical Churches	87,298
African Instituted Churches	22,498
Orthodox	2,806
Other Christians	17,210
Islam	30,776
Hindu	134
Traditionists	43,412
Other Religion	8,773
No religion Atheists	25,361

Turkana County Development

The Rural Access Index (RAI) in Turkana County was 16%, with only a minority of the population living within two kilometers of an all-weather road in 2019.
Household access to electricity in Turkana County was 8.8% in 2019, up from 2.4% in 2009.
Household access to improved sanitation in Turkana County was 24.3% in 2019, up from 12.2% in 2009.
Household access to safe drinking water in Turkana County was 48.2% in 2019, up from 44.3% in 2009.
In 2019, household access to piped water in Turkana County was 9%. down from 12.4% in 2009.
Turkana had 9.1% of its public primary schools connected to electricity, ranking 46^th nationally in 2019.

The share of the Turkana County population owning mobile phones in 2019 was 16.6%. Among women, 49.9% owned any type of mobile phone in Turkana County in 2022, while 13% owned a smartphone.

In 2022, 66.2% of Turkana men owned a mobile phone, while 19.5% owned a smartphone. The percentage of men and women who used a mobile phone for financial transactions in the year preceding the 2022 KDHS survey was 63.3% and 41.5%, respectively^.

Financial inclusion and access to technology in Turkana County
Turkana County
Mobile Phone Ownership	16.60%	Census 2019
Mobile Phone Ownership	58.05%	KDHS 2022
% of the Population Making Mobile Money Transactions	52.40%	KDHS 2022
% of the Population with Mobile Money Accounts	58.10%	2021 FinAccess Survey
% of the Population Using the Internet	4.80%	Census 2019
% of Population who have Ever Searched and Bought Goods Online	1.00%	Census 2019
% of Population Using Computer/Tablet/Laptop	2.40%	Census 2019
% of the Population Using a Bank	25.45%	KDHS 2022
% of the Population Using a Bank	12.60%	2021 FinAccess Survey

Turkana County Finance

In the financial year (FY) 2024/25, Turkana County approved a supplementary budget of Ksh 17.21 billion, comprising Ksh 6.64 billion and Ksh 10.57 billion allocation for development and recurrent expenditures, respectively.

Other highlights in the FY 2024/25 include:

Equitable share – Ksh 13.23 billion
Conditional grants and additional allocations – Ksh 408.8 million
Own Source Revenue – Ksh 200.41 million
Cash balances – Ksh 2.2 billion
Expenditure on salaries/personnel emoluments – Ksh 5,996,800,000.
Expenditure on operations and maintenance – Ksh 3,258,850,000.
Expenditure on development – Ksh 4,293,020,000.
Total expenditure – Ksh 13,548,660,000.
Expenditure on Domestic travel – Ksh 604,490,000.
Expenditure on Foreign travel – Ksh 18,890,000.
The total expenditure on travel – Ksh 623,380,000.
Turkana County outstanding pending bill – Ksh 1,329,300,000.
The average MCA sitting allowance in Turkana – Ksh 18,872.

HIV/AIDS in Turkana County

The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Turkana County was 2.19%. The number of people living with HIV/AIDS in Turkana was 16,925, while the number of HIV-related deaths was 562.

HIV/AIDS summary statistics for Turkana County
HIV/AIDS in Turkana County – 2025
HIV Prevalence (%)	2.19
People Living with HIV (PLHIV) - Total	16,925
People Living with HIV (PLHIV) - Children	1,013
People Living with HIV (PLHIV) - Adults	15,912
New HIV Infections - Total	469
New HIV Infections - Children	107
New HIV Infections - Adults	362
AIDS Related Deaths - Total	562
AIDS Related Deaths - Children	70
AIDS Related Deaths - Adults	499